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Sunday, March 2, 2025

Eleven Publications Over 12 Months in 2024 Alone!

It is been a while since my last blog post, but I'm back again. I had to start with this exciting news. First, let's be clear, I struggle with tooting my own horn. I was raised in a culture where your success is equally shared with the community. So, the "I" becomes "US'. Of course, in the era of social media where the "I" is elevated above all else, I struggle even more to keep up with the constant "ME, ME, ME" fixation. Truth be told, there needs to be a balance. I want everyone to learn about the amazing research work I'm engaged with, hence my resolve to explicitly let the cat out of the bag. Don't be mistaken, as an endangered species (i.e., Black women in law) in the academy, it is not an easy feat juggling the professional-wife-mother responsibilities - what I call the tripod role, all while dealing with constant racism, discrimination, microaggression, and God knows what else on a daily basis. But Still I Rise.

So, here you go:

1. Sexual Harassment and the Law in Liberia (Oxford Human Rights Hub, 2023)
Sexual harassment is a pervasive issue that transcends geographic, cultural, and societal boundaries, and Africa’s oldest republic is no exception. It poses significant barriers to women’s empowerment in Liberia, a nation recovering from a 14-year civil conflict and striving for socio-economic advancement. Understanding the legal frameworks, societal attitudes, and challenges faced by survivors of sexual harassment in Liberia is critical for addressing this issue. Click here for more.

2. Rewriting Feebles, Decolonising Exclusion (Refugee Survey Quarterly, 2024)
Article 1F(b) of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees denies refugee protection to persons who have committed a “serious non-political crime.” In Febles v. Canada (Citizenship and Immigration), 2014 SCC 68, a majority of the Supreme Court of Canada held that the “seriousness” of a crime is to be determined based on the offence at the time it was committed. Later developments, such as serving a sentence or rehabilitation, do not factor in the analysis. Febles remains the leading apex court decision on determining seriousness. We argue the majority’s analysis creates the potential for both material and epistemic injustice. We then rewrite Febles by drawing on criminal law theory and a variety of critical perspectives, most notably critical race theory, decolonial theory, and Third World Approaches to International Law. On our rewrite, crimes meet the threshold of “seriousness” if they represent an intrinsic threat to the civil order of any State, hence indirectly a threat to the international order. Exclusion holds refugee status in abeyance until the goals of criminal justice have been met with respect to such crimes. If they have, either through formal or informal means, a claimant should not be excluded. Click here for more.

3. Rewriting Refugee Law: Centring Refugee Knowledges and Lived Experience (Refugee Survey Quarterly, 2024)
This Special Issue is part of an initiative co-led by scholars and lawyers with lived experience of (forced) displacement. We use the term “displacement” expansively to include all forms of displacement that compel people to leave their places of habitual residence whether as a result of human rights violations, colonisation, slavery, human trafficking, violent conflict, natural disaster, environmental conditions, climate change, or corporate development. However, in the context of this Special Issue, rewritten judgments focus on refugees, a term we also use broadly – and interchangeably – with displaced persons as a way of ensuring that neither our1 lived experience nor our jurisprudential imaginations are constrained or invalidated by imposed legal categories. Our purpose is to rethink, reframe, and rewrite judicial decisions critically, informed by the perspective of displaced persons’ lived experience. Legal frameworks that govern significant aspects of (forced) displacement and the institutional and professional fora created to administer them are colonial, racialised,2 and patriarchal. These legal frameworks, and the way they are understood and practised, govern who is or is not defined as needing or deserving of international protection. Click here for more.

4. Flipping the Narrative on Border Externalisation: An African Migrant Perspective (Externalizing Asylum, 2024)
Border externalisation represents a growing trend in global migration policy, where nations seek to manage migration flows by pushing their border controls beyond their own territories. This practice disproportionately impacts African migrants, who face significant challenges and dangers as a result. This short piece examines these impacts through the lens of an African migrant scholar perspective, aiming to challenge the dominant narratives surrounding border externalisation. By critiquing the prevailing narratives that frame border externalisation practices primarily through security and economic lenses at the expense of the human costs and legal protection for African migrants, the paper argues for reframing migration policies to prioritize human dignity, rights and justice while proposing more equitable, compassionate, and humane approaches to migration. Click here for more.

5. Canada’s Legal and Policy Framework for Migration (Ch8, McGill-Queen, 2024) Open Access
Veronica Fynn Bruey, an Indigenous Liberian migrant, came to Canada in 2001 after surviving three years of the Liberian civil war and nearly a decade of refugeehood in Ghana. Colonial laws and politics in and out of Canada entrench European settlers’ citizenship (called British subjects prior to 1947) irrespective of systemic violence they committed against the First Peoples of Turtle Island. Incongruent to the rule of law principles,  the same cannot be said for Fynn Bruey and many other forced migrants to Canada, whose citizenships could be revoked  pursuant to Article 1 (F) and (E) of the Convention Relating to the Status of Refugee (Refugee Convention) 1951  and section 98 of the Immigration and Refugee Act, 2001.  The perpetuity of Canadian citizenships for colonisers and their progenies are set in the proverbial legal stone, while the same settler law denies the similar rights to children of Fynn Bruey’s son, who is a Canadian, born outside of Canada pursuant to section 5, Citizenship Act 1985.  Click here for more.

6. Difficult Life in a Refugee Camp: Gender, Violence, and Coping in Uganda by Ulrike Krause [Book Review] (Journal of Internal Displacement, 2024) Open Access
In May 2022, an exam copy of Ulrike Krause’s book Difficult Life in a Refugee Camp: Gender, Violence, and Coping in Uganda was received after an initial hesitation from Cambridge University Press. Their concern was that a request for an exam copy is subject to an instructor teaching a course wherein students taking their course will guarantee purchase of the book and hence an accumulation of capital and extraction of profit on author’s intellectual property. I first heard about Difficult Life in a Refugee Camp prior to requesting an examination copy from Cambridge University Press. From 2021-2022 Professor Ulrike Krause and I served on the executive committee of the International Association for the Study of Forced Migration – an international organisation that brings together academics, practitioners and decision-makers working on forced migration issues. Click here for more.

7. Sexual Violence Against Girls and Women in African Conflict (pp745-777, Springer, 2024)
The continent of Africa has seen sustained elevation of both violent and low-grade conflicts since the mid-1950s, when Ghana was one of the first African countries to gain independence from colonial rule on 6 March 1957. Whether an increased level of conflict is an indicator of poor leadership, a study done by suggests that good governance contributes to reduced armed conflict. The violence associated with conflict compels people to leave their places of habitual residence. The entire process of forced movement is awash with vulnerabilities that expose girls and women to sexual violence and exploitation. A long-standing orthodoxy of classical migration theorists is that migration is mainly determined by economic and labour market forces, and, thus, people move to maximize their individual utility. Neoclassical theorists extend individual risk and collective decision-making to the reasons why people migrate. Myron Weiner argues that migrants are not just isolated individuals who react to economic stimuli but are also social beings who seek to achieve better outcomes for themselves, their families, and their communities by actively shaping forced migration patterns. Conflict in Africa is inextricably tied to forced migration. It is this very act of being compelled to leave one’s  habitual place of residence that inherently creates dangerous journeys. The fatality associated with mass movement predisposes girls and women to all sorts of vulnerabilities with sexual violence being the most common attack. Click here for more.

8. The Immigration Law Death Penalty [Book Review] (Criminal Law and Criminal Justice Book Reviews, 2024)
There is an arduous duality of Black and Brown immigrants in the United States of America. First, they are supposed to be super-perfect human beings. Two, they are also unworthy “sub-humans” and “animals.” Any ounce of existence outside this “good-happy-grateful” immigrant conundrum, especially for undocumented migrants from the Global South, will attract the worst of American de-humanity. Classified as “criminal aliens,” they can be penalized (i.e., detained, jailed, and deported) for aggravated felonies (or “immigration law death penalty”), including for misdemeanors such as check fraud and shoplifting. Considered the most expansive incarceration system and world leader in deportation, the United States went from expelling a maximum of 40,000 non-citizens before 1990 to peaking at 415,587 in 2012 and 432,212 expulsions in 2013 (p3). Named “Deporter-in-Chief,” former President Barack Obama deported over two million people during his tenure (p4)). It is imperative to understand, analyze, and contextualize Sarah Tosh’s important work within past and present perspectives on immigration + crime (crimmigration) at both state and individual levels. Click here for more.

9. Sexual Harassment and the Law in Liberia (Ch10, Taylor and Francis, 2024)
Girls and women in Liberia are susceptible to sexual harassment in multiple ways every day. Drawing on theories of intersectionality and feminist-jurisprudence, confined within which are embodied in major regional laws, national laws, and social policy frameworks, I examine in this chapter the history, state, and impact of sexual harassment in public and private spaces. With an estimated 5.4 million people, the post-war Liberia human development index is 0.48, ranked as the 14th poorest country in the world. Such socio-economic ills exacerbate the disproportional prevalence of sexual harassment against girls and women. Efforts to fast-track and prosecute rape and gender violence cases in recent years led to the establishment of the first Judicial Circuit, Criminal Court Assizes ‘E’ (2008) and the Sexual and Gender-based Violence Crimes Unit (2009). Whilst not specific to sexual harassment, it can inadvertently address sexual harassment which arises out of broad forms of gender-based violence. Notwithstanding this modest progress, Liberia still has no sexual harassment law, and this has led to spiralling consequences across the country out of lack of accountability and impunity in sex-based crimes. Click here for more.

10. Algerian Women and Diasporic Experience: From the Black Decade to the Hira by Latefa Narriman Guemar [Book Review] (Journal of Internal Displacement, 2024) Open Access
When Exeter University Press notified the Journal of Internal Displacement about the publication of Algerian Women and Diasporic Experience: From the Black Decade to the Hirak by Latefa Narriman Guemar, the link between the terms diaspora and displacement was not instantly obvious. In addition to issues around geographical identities, displacement, and (forced) migration, Algerian Women and Diasporic Experience engages with the “Islamic State” (dawla Islamiya), “Foreign interference” (ayadi kharijiya), exile (Elghorba/ghrib), “those who risk their life to migrate” (harragas), “injustice” (hogra), “Gangs working within the Algerian state” (issaba), “Holy fighters” (jihad), “resistance” (moukawama), no constitution (la mithaq), “implied sexual aggression” (yetbelaouek) and  the “Algerian political protest movement” (Hirak). Click here for more.

11. The Enduring Impact of Slavery: A Historical Perspective on South-South Migration (Springer, 2024) Open Access
It is impossible to understand contemporary forms and experiences of South–South migration without first understanding the history of migration between countries generally classified as the “Global South”—the Majority World—and the enduring effects of slavery. This chapter begins with a historical overview and reflections on the present-day legacies of the transatlantic slave trade, the single largest forced migration between the countries of the Majority World, which mainly took place between countries in West Africa, the Caribbean, and Latin America. Applying the “Global South” as a critical concept, this chapter examines the lasting impacts of the transatlantic enslavement of Black African peoples as a precursor of contemporary forms of South–South migration and associated responses, representation, and challenges. Arguing that much South–South migration is rooted in historical antecedents, the chapter also highlights the contemporary consequences of slavery for Liberia, where the return of captured and emancipated slaves led directly to the civil wars that devastated the country between 1989 and 2003, leading to significant displacement into other parts of West Africa. Click here for more.

Please don't hesitate to contact me should you have a question/comment, wish to explore opportunities to collaborate, or just simply connect.

Wednesday, May 12, 2021

Re-Imagining Healing in Time of Crisis: A Closer Look at Patriarchy and Masculinity in Africa

Law and Society Association Annual Meeting

Date: Sunday, 30 May 2021 at 11:12:45 PM (Central Daylight Time)

Venue: Roundtable (Virtual Conference Session)

Chair: J. Jarpa Dawuni

Participants: Venkatanarayanan S., Christ University; Manase Kudzai ChiwesheUniversity of Zimbabwe; Veronica Fynn Bruey, Seattle University; Charles Amone, Kyambogo University

Description: This roundtable is part of an edited book, Patriarchy, and Gender in Africa, which assesses the state, institution, community, and individual role and impact of male-dominance, masculinity, and discrimination against girls and women across the continent of Africa. Informed by empirical research data, case studies, and personal experiences, the section examines the professional, practical, and theoretical discourses of patriarchy and gender inequality in diverse settings in Africa while acknowledging women’s persistence, resistance, and contribution to growth and development.

RSVP NOW

To receive a 30% discount and purchase a copy of the book, visit Rowman and Littlefield.

Monday, May 10, 2021

DEADLY VOYAGES: Migrant Journeys Across the Globe- Book Launch

Date: Wednesday, 12 May 2021, 4.00 PM - 5.00 PM (GMT)

Venue: Online- via Zoom 
Book Description: Deadly Voyages: Migrant Journeys across the Globe explores the burdens and impact of perilous migration, while considering which laws, policies, practices, and venues might establish empathy and protection for migrants. This interdisciplinary volume envisions and calls for a transformation in migration policy, motivated by the common goal of drastically reducing the peril migrants face when compelled to make their treacherous journeys. All contributors to this volume agree on the inadequacy of current approaches and the dire need for change in global migration law and policy. Therefore, the book seeks to inform, educate, persuade, and facilitate newer or less-heard perspectives, toward wider participation and influence within the forced migration policy debate. Guided by the famous advice of Karl Marx that the point should be changing the world rather than merely analyzing or interpreting it, the contributors suggest practical measures to fix the current gap in responses to migrant peril, along with strategies for diagnosing, countering, and promoting human dignity and social justice, with the aim of preventing future deaths and injuries in migrant journeys across the globe.
To receive a 30% discount and purchase a copy, visit Rowman and Littlefield.

Sunday, March 14, 2021

DEADLY VOYAGES: Migrant Journeys Across the Globe- Book Launch

 Date
21 April 2021, 4.00pm - 5.30pm 

Venue
Online- via Zoom 
Description

It explores the burdens and impact of perilous migration, while considering which laws, policies, practices, and venues might establish empathy and protection for migrants. This interdisciplinary volume envisions and calls for a transformation in migration policy, motivated by the common goal of drastically reducing the peril migrants face when compelled to make their treacherous journeys. All contributors to this volume agree on the inadequacy of current approaches and the dire need for change in global migration law and policy. Therefore, the book seeks to inform, educate, persuade, and facilitate newer or less-heard perspectives, toward wider participation and influence within the forced migration policy debate. Guided by the famous advice of Karl Marx that the point should be changing the world rather than merely analysing or interpreting it, the contributors suggest practical measures to fix the current gap in responses to migrant peril, along with strategies for diagnosing, countering, and promoting human dignity and social justice, with the aim of preventing future deaths and injuries in migrant journeys across the globe.

All welcome
This event is free to attend, but booking is required. It will be held online with details about how to join the virtual event being circulated via email to registered attendees 24 hours in advance.

Thursday, May 7, 2020

Call for Papers: January 2021 (Volume 11, Issue 1)

Journal of Internal Displacement
CALL FOR PAPERS
‘A Crisis within a Crisis: Global Pandemics and Displacement’
January 2021 (Volume 11, Issue 1)
Submission Deadline: 1 September 2020

The Coronavirus, known as COVID-19, has shaken the world to its core. It is beyond doubt that the current pandemic will have a fundamental and long-lasting impact on how we work, learn and live. The implications of global pandemics for human movement are indeed readily apparent. With billions of people in lockdown, the majority of the world’s population are now personally and collectively experiencing what it means to have restrictions imposed on their movement rights. But for internally displaced persons (IDPs) and others, this is not the first time they find their freedom of movement controlled by extraneous factors that lie outside of their control. Forced migrants are accustomed to such restrictions, and many are adept at finding ways and means by which to continue their lives in times of crisis. Nonetheless, little to no attention is being given to either the impact of COVID-19 on displaced persons or the insights they themselves might bring to benefit others for whom restrictions on their movement rights are a short-term novelty. Instead, the pandemic has increased the risks of violence, racism and other forms of discrimination against persons displaced internally and internationally, rendering them ever more vulnerable to the worst forms of abuse and exploitation.  

For its upcoming January 2021 issue, the Journal of Internal Displacement (JID) is seeking original contributions on the inter-relationship between displacement and global pandemics, not only COVID-19 but also SARS, Ebola, H1N1 and similar. Submissions are welcome from all disciplines and topics on displacement, defined broadly to include IDPs, refugees, trafficked persons, stateless persons, nomads, “boat/cruise ship people”, the homeless, and other migrants. Papers on the following indicative topics are especially encouraged:

·       health factors as a cause of displacement;
·       the social, economic and political impact on displaced persons;
·       pandemic prevention, containment and mitigation in camp settings;
·       consultation with displaced persons, and strategies for information-sharing and awareness-raising;
·       rights, legal protection and advocacy;
·       coping strategies and self-care;
·       how people who are not “home” stay “home” and experience social distancing;
·       displacement of the rich and famous;
·       efforts to promote and sustain community relations; and
·       the role(s) that displaced persons can and do play in bringing pandemics under control.

Submission guidelines:

·       Manuscripts must be submitted via the JID online submission portal, available here, no later than 1 September 2020. Manuscripts must be no more than 7,000 words in length. Further author guidelines are provided here.

·       Please direct all questions to JID Assistant Editor, Dr Ben Hudson, at the following email address: ben.hudson@journalofinternaldisplacement.org.

Sunday, September 22, 2019

The Myth of Democracy: A Series on the United States Role in Destabilising African Countries

I am not an anarchist, but I have always known that democracy doesn't work. First of all, democracy is not the only form of government. For some reason, the United States, armed with its so-called exceptionalism concept, have paraded the idea of democracy as the only form of government that can modernise and transform "rogue state" into one that is accountable, less corrupt and governed by the rule of law. Since the Second World War, the US has made it a national priority to ensure that corrupt leaders, especially those in Africa, are either "spanked" for misbehaving and/or "removed from power" if they did not follow the "good governance" and "rule of law" of democratic leadership par American standard. Well, until Donald J. Trump came along, the US was perceived as the epitome of democracy. I doubt whether the perception is the same after "corrupt Trump" entered the White House.

In this series, I discuss the US's participation in the destruction of a number of States across Africa in efforts to transform their leadership from a bad one to a good democratic nation. Over the next months, I will consider the removal of leaders in the Democratic Republic of Congo, Ghana, Libya, Somalia, Liberia and more. The series will close with highlights of the Trump government's efforts to derail US democracy. What are we waiting for? Let's take off with the assassination of one of Africa's promising leaders, Patrice Lumumba.

The Assassination of Patrice Lumumba
On 17 January 1961, the American and Belgian governments used Congolese accomplices and a Belgian execution squad to assassinate Patrice Lumumba. The first elected Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Lumumba led the DRC to independence on 30 June 1961. Although, it exploited the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) for its natural resources, precisely its use of Uranium for atomic weapons to bomb Japan, the US and Belgian could not stomach the fact that Russian, a communist government, was at the brink of helping Lumumba protect DRC's sovereignty. According to Emmanuel Gerard and Bruce Kuklick, In Death in the Congo: Murdering Patrice Lumumba, "[a] coup in September, secretly aided by the UN, toppled Lumumba’s government. In January 1961, armed men drove Lumumba to a secluded corner of the Katanga bush, stood him up beside a hastily dug grave, and shot him. His rule as Africa’s first democratically elected leader had lasted ten weeks." The body of the young, vibrant, and promising leader of Africa was later dissolved in sulphuric acid (see page 208 of In the Death of Congo for details on the gruesome murder).

Sadly, since the US, Belgian, and the United Nations removed Lumumba almost seven decades ago, the DRC has never been the same again. Beginning with Mobutu Sese Seko, the DRC has struggled for peace and stability free from natural resource exploitation and plundering of the country's wealth. Between 1998 and 2008, an estimated 5.4 million people have died as a direct result of the violence in the DRC.  In 2018 alone, In 2018, the United Nations documented 1,049 cases of conflict related sexual violence against 605 women, 436 girls, 4 men and 4 boys. As at July 2019, 20,044 UN peacekeepers have been deployed in the DRC. In recent times, rebel groups in the Kivu provinces have killed at least 1,900 civilians and abducted more than 3,300 others. Those responsible are yet to be brought to justice.

Saturday, August 18, 2018

Call For Chapter Proposals: Book Project on Patriarchy and Gender in Africa

Globally, males disproportionately predominate leadership roles and exert power in diverse forms of social systems and institutions. Patriarchy, the supremacy of fatherhood whereby women and children rely totally on male line, is entrenched in many societies around the world. Differential enjoyment of rights and dignity predetermined for women and men, based on their social, cultural and legal disposition, typify gender inequality. Patriarchy and gender inequality are two important but complex and debatable issues facing the African continent today. Argued to be the main cause of gender inequality, patriarchy plagues Africa in spite of immense progress made in the last two decades to address the prolonged impacts of gender injustice and male dominance. On the occasion of the 15thanniversary of the Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa, we announce a call for chapter proposals to critically analyze the situation of girls and women in Africa. To assess the state, role and impact of patriarchy and gender inequality on African girls and women, we seek broad themes of Patriarchy and Gender. We welcome papers from all disciplines that address the following, but not limited to: 
  • the roots and foundations of patriarchy and gender in different societies and cultures in Africa;
  • the expressions of femininities and masculinities in religion (e.g., African Traditional Religion, Christian, Islam and others);
  • power relations among, between and within the sexes;
  • traditional and non-traditional roles of gender;
  • issues of domestic, family and personal violence;
  • various social factors affecting patriarchal and gender institutions;
  • issues of gender identities, gender expressions, gender relations, and gender roles;
  • inter-connections between patriarchy, gender inequality, and violent extremism in Africa;
  • existing gaps and opportunities for policy, law and social reform in gender justice; and
  • empirical research and case studies on regional and sub-regional best practices and solutions to addressing patriarchy and gender inequality. 
Other issues related to patriarchy and gender are most welcome with particular regard to an examination of major issues relevant to the above themes for the purpose of contributing to deeper understanding of patriarchy and gender inequality, as well as, developing long-term solutions to the problem at stake.

Guided by the core objectives of the African Studies Research Forum (ASRF), we aim for a comprehensive coverage of the African continent in our search for well-researched papers to generate knowledge on reforming discriminatory laws, benefitting human-centered public policies, promoting best practices, harnessing research rigor, and expanding academic scholarship beyond the African continent. Selected papers will be published under “The ASRF’s Book Series.”

Submission Guidelines
Chapter Proposal: All chapter proposal must contain the following: i) topic (12 words maximum), ii) name, iii) institutional affiliation, iv) a brief description of the chapter (300-500 words maximum), and v) keywords (a maximum of five). 
Submission Deadline: 30 September 2018
First Chapter Draft: 31 December 2018
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Submit chapter proposal to egodi.uchendu@unn.edu.ng and fynnbruv@seattleu.edu